Thin, manufactured pieces of wear-resistant material—commonly ceramic, porcelain, stone, glass, or concrete—used to cover floors, walls, roofs, and facades in construction.

• Primary Purpose: Provide durable, waterproof, and aesthetically versatile protective surface finishes for high-traffic or moisture-prone areas.

• Common Materials:

  • Ceramic: Made from clay and kiln-fired; ideal for indoor walls and low-traffic residential floors.

  • Porcelain: A denser, less porous, and more durable form of ceramic fired at higher temperatures; suitable for heavy foot traffic and outdoor use.

  • Natural Stone: Granite, marble, slate, and travertine cut into uniform pieces for high-end luxury aesthetics.

  • Glass/Mosaic: Frequently used for decorative accents, backsplashes, and swimming pools.

• Key Construction Applications:

  • Flooring & Wall Cladding: Applied using cementitious thin-set mortars in bathrooms, kitchens, corridors, and commercial spaces.

  • Facade Tiling: Mounted onto exterior building walls for weather resistance and modern architectural styling.

  • Roofing Tiles: Interlocking clay or concrete units designed to shed rainwater and insulate pitched roofs.